Learning is a fundamental psychological process through which individuals acquire new knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. It involves a relatively permanent change in behavior or understanding resulting from experience, practice, or study. Learning can be intentional, such as studying for an exam, or incidental, such as acquiring habits through daily interactions.
There are several key perspectives on learning. From a behaviorist viewpoint, learning is seen as a change in observable behavior due to external stimuli and reinforcement, as proposed by theorists like B.F. Skinner and Pavlov. In contrast, cognitive theorists such as Piaget emphasize internal mental processes, suggesting that learning involves organizing and restructuring information in the brain.
Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, highlights the role of observation and imitation in learning, where individuals learn by watching others. Meanwhile, constructivist theories, particularly those of Vygotsky, stress the importance of social interaction and cultural context in building knowledge, asserting that learning is an active, constructive process.
Learning occurs in various forms, including formal learning in schools, informal learning through life experiences, and non-formal learning through structured but non-institutional programs. It is a lifelong process that starts from birth and continues throughout life.
Effective learning depends on several factors: the learner’s motivation, prior knowledge, the learning environment, and teaching methods. It can be assessed through performance, understanding, or behavioral change.
In essence, learning enables individuals to adapt to their environment, solve problems, and grow intellectually and socially. It is central to education and personal development and plays a crucial role in shaping human behavior and society.
Course type: Online
Course duration: 2 - 3 hrs (2-3 classes)
- Teacher: Admin User